Cow’s milk hypersensitivity involves to milk protein by the infants immune system. It is a complex disorder, in which most major cowls milk protein have been implicated in allergic response, including both casein and whey proteins.
Beta-lactoglobulin is the most highly allergenic component of cow’s milk. This sensitivity may be worsened by secondary disaccharide intolerance, resulting in severe diarrhea. Infants typically exhibit vomiting and failure to thrive.
Hippocrates (460-370 BC) was among the first to report the adverse effects of cow’s milk, including hives and gastrointestinal disorders.
Cow’s milk allergy develops in 2.2 to 2.8% of infants, of whom 85% outgrow the reactivity by their third birthday. Children who develop sensitivity after age 3 less likely to outgrow the problem.
In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatologic, respiratory, and possibly systemic reactions, such as anaphylactic shock, may occur in milk allergy.
Cow’s milk allergy in infant
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