Allergen sensitization

Sensitization is defined as the presence of a specific immune mechanism, most often as a positive skin prick test or detectable IgE antibodies directed towards a specific antigen. It is controlled by type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, which facilitate IgE synthesis by B cells.

Characteristically, sensitization evolves in the order of exposure: food, indoor allergens and out allergens. Allergens are biological molecules such as proteins, glycoproteins or polysaccharides originating from insects, plants or animals.

IgE structure

The development of an atopic condition is dependent on sensitization involving the primary encounter with the allergen that leads to immune recognition.

To become sensitized to an allergen one must be genetically programmed and able to synthesize immunoglobulin of the particular IgE class in response to an antigen.

The involved immune system’s primary function is protection of the organism from infection microbes as well as from other foreign substances that may possess a diverse collection of pathogenic mechanisms.
Allergen sensitization