Allergic response may be organized into four categories noted as Types I – IV. Type II or cytotoxic reactions mediated by antibody, complement, and/or cellular mechanisms.
According to the Gell and Coombs classifications, allergy Type II is called ‘antibody-mediated cytotoxicity’. It is triggered by excessive destruction of hapten-binding cells, which become antigens and induce the production of IgM and IgG class antibodies.
Attachment of antibodies to haptens on the cells membranes activates complement proteins, leading to cell lysis or membrane damage.
Antibodies directed against cell surface antigens cause cell death not only by complement-dependent lysis but also by adherence reactions, leading to phagocytosis or through nonphagocyte extracellular killing by certain lymphoreticular cells (anti-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity).
Allergy Type II
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